Vector borne transmission htlv17/7/2023 ![]() ![]() In Gabon, a HTLV-1 sero-prevalence of 5–10% has been observed in adults, 1-5% in pregnant women and in some villages up to 25% of older women are HTLV-1 positive. HTLV-1 has been detected in most parts of Africa. It is an ancient virus and its prevalence is complex, in that it is highly endemic in some parts of the world, but regrettably available surveillance data is not comprehensive, and in many regions, accounting for 6 billion persons, HTLV-1 prevalence remains unknown. It is well understood that HTLV-1 originated from non-human primates. In 2012 Antoine Gessain and Olivier Cassar (23) published a systematic review of available data on HTLV-1 origin and prevalence, which we are drawing upon to provide you with an overview of the word distribution of HTLV-1. et al P-A-12) and at the 2017 Australasian HIV & AIDS and Sexual Health Conference in Canberra in Australia (22). The sexual transmission of HTLV-1 was also highlighted in several presentations at the 18 th International Retrovirology Conference in Tokyo in Japan in March 2017 (Satake, M. Recently published prevalence data from Central Australia (where in some communities 45% of adults live with HTLV-1)(18), Japan (19) and Brazil (20, 21) report the importance of HTLV-1’s sexual transmission. HTLV-1 is transmitted through the same routes as HIV-1 through infected body fluids, via condom-less sexual intercourse (1-4), breastfeeding (5-7), sharing of needles (8-11) and the transfusion (12, 13) and transplantation of infected blood and organ donations (14-17). However today we are encouraged by the WHO’s mandate to value a healthy sexual life and the availability of many WHO fact sheets on other blood borne and sexually transmitted viruses such as Hepatitis B and C and HIV. This is almost certainly due to having to address many other pressing health priorities. Our global community has been slow to respond to the HTLV-1 predicament, a virus transmitted through body fluids, causing significant morbidity and mortality. With this letter, we hope to raise your awareness about several current shortcomings and potential solutions in this field. We are writing to you today to ask you to support the promotion of proven effective transmission prevention strategies against one of the most potent human carcinogens, Human T Leukemia Virus subtype 1 (HTLV-1). On behalf of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus-1 (HTLV-1) positive patients, expert clinicians and scientists working in the field of HTLV-1 clinical and laboratory research. ** Summary version of this letter published Lancet here. None of the 8 breast-fed children born to carrier mothers whose peripheral blood and breast milk-borne cells were negative, developed HTLV-I infection, suggesting that HTLV-I transmission from mother to child is dependent upon the number of HTLV-I-infected cells in carrier mothers.Time to eradicate HTLV-1: an open letter to WHO Conversely 5 of 6 mothers without infected cells in the peripheral blood possessed no infected cells in their breast milk, suggesting that HTLV-I-infected cells in the peripheral blood can enter the breast milk. Five of 6 mothers with HTLV-I-infected cells in the milk also possessed infected cells in their peripheral blood. The overall rate of HTLV-I infection of breast-fed children born to HTLV-I-carrier mothers was 25% (8/32) by 3 years of age. Furthermore, 2 of 4 elder siblings in the former group developed HTLV-I infection, whereas only one of 8 elder siblings in the latter group became infected. The difference in HTLV-I infection rate for the children in the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.01 by chi-square). Tests for the presence of antibody against HTLV-I revealed that 4 of 6 children in the former group developed HTLV-I infection, while only 1 of 14 children in the latter group became infected. In order to clarify the natural transmission route of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) from mother to child, we have followed two groups of children with ages of 1 to 3 years who were nourished either with HTLV-I-infected breast milk, or with non-infected milk from sero-positive, HTLV-I carrier mothers. ![]()
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